Year: 2014

How the British are still Rewarding Punjab — in the UK!

My friend and course-mate Colonel Qaiser Rashid sent me one of Ayaz Amir’s recent articles.

Mr Ayaz Amir, is an excellent writer whose sense of outraged justice over the treatment of Pakistan’s Christian minority has received my gratitude in writing. His nifty penmanship alone makes him worth reading while his ideas are food for thought.

How The British Rewarded Punjab is just such an idea, published in The News on November 14, which did feed my thoughts on the remembrance of Punjabi World War I Victoria Cross recipients during the commemoration ceremonies of that War. My thoughts were well fed, though perhaps in a direction not forseen by Ayaz Amir Sahib. Unless he wished to inspire debate on an open subject.

“The soldiers in question, who were undoubtedly heroes, were fighting not for India but for the greater glory of the British Empire.”

The fine article then goes on to cite historical reasons for downplaying the achievements of these hereditary warriors.

Now that is a pity.

These soldiers were neither fighting for India nor for the British Empire. They were Rajputs, Jats, Pashtuns, Dogras, Maharathas, Garhwalis, Gurkhas — Sikhs, Muslims, Hindus and Christians — you name it! Every fighting brand nurtured in the sub-continent for the duration of its history was eager to prove its mettle in pursuit of its ancestral tradition.

Closer to home are the two Victoria Cross recipients from Pothohar, both proud Rajputs, an assertion which implicitly acknowledges their Hindu Kshatriya roots, and the dharmic justification for The Way of the Warrior. When their ancestors became Muslim, they saw no conflict of interest in continuing this tradition within the framework of their chosen belief system.

And that is what led around 350 million soldiers to fight in both World Wars.

Plus the rewards.

Agricultural land in the Punjab opened up by the canal irrigation system neither belonged to the Joneses nor the Khanses, Singhses or the Mallses. Accordingly, the gora generously allotted land in recognition of services rendered at the peril of their lives to warriors considered superior to their own (not a bad promotional point …!).

On this issue at least, Indians and Pakistanis don’t fight each other!

Led by Urdu, Hindi and Marathi speakers, the urban, educated class bitterly criticizes Punjabis for not coming to the aid of the Urdu and Maharashtri speaking leadership of the 1857 War of Independence. Debauched or inept leaders had been propelled to the forefront of events by rebel Sepoys who even called Bahadur Shah Zafar “Ohé Budhae” when he hesitated to accept the honour being bestowed upon him.

I really don’t know since I wasn’t there but a gora called William Dalrymple told me that one!

The Punjabi disdain for the 1857 War of Independence (the odd chieftain apart) has its own justification.

Firstly, the leadership was as poor as the excellent illustration in Satyajit Ray’s movie, The Chess Players. The Punjabis could see no reason to shed their blood in order to restore decadence.

Secondly, from 1758-1761 the Maharathas attacked and plundered the Punjab, demanding their one-fourth share — chauth — from its farmers.

Whatever level of literacy Punjabis might have has never adversely affected their memories!

Thirdly, during the Sikh Wars of 1845-1849, nearly two thirds of the Order of Battle on the British side consisted of Uttar Pradesh soldiers known to the Punjabis as poorbiyas. They are remembered for eating leftovers of the British to kick their Punjabi brethrens’ bootyas.

A decade later, their squeals for help from a people whom they were convinced had dysfunctional memories fell on deaf ears, just as the Punjabi Sirdars’ badrak roars of help were ignored by their Maharatha and UP brethren.

Their belief system notwithstanding, South Asian warriors have fought through the ages for whoever offered them decent employment, good leadership and a chance to practice their dharma.

They fought for Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Christian employers.

They fought within the sub-continent and outside of it.

Husseini Brahmins are Mohyal Brahmins, like Sanjay Dutt, who are supposed to have been the guardians of the bait-ul-mal treasury at the Battle of Karbala — October 10, 680 — that involved Hazrats Hassan and Hussein!

And at the end of the day, the real reward is being reaped by around five million South Asian immigrants in Britain — 1.5 immigrant per active warrior in both World Wars. Now that’s what I call a reward!

These warriors were neither traitors, nor stupid little brown men exploited by a colonial power for a fistful of rupees and hot dal roti. They maintained the finest manly traditions of Indo-European culture and improved their family fortunes at sword-point and at the peril of their lives.

Let us honourably remember them as they and their highly educated descendants would prefer and not as a platform for political determinism.

Stunning Portraits Of The World’s Remotest Tribes Before They Pass Away

http://www.boredpanda.com/vanishing-tribes-before-they-pass-away-jimmy-nelson/

Living in a concrete box with hot water pouring from the tap, a refrigerator cooling our food and wi-fi connecting us to the rest of the world, we can barely imagine a day in a life of, say, Tsaatan people. They move 5 to 10 times per year, building huts when the temperature is -40 and herding reindeer for transportation, clothing and food. “Before They Pass Away,” a long-term project by photographer Jimmy Nelson, gives us the unique opportunity to discover more than 30 secluded and slowly vanishing tribes from all over the world.

Spending 2 weeks in each tribe, Jimmy became acquainted with their time-honoured traditions, joined their rituals and captured it all in a very appealing way. His detailed photographs showcase unique jewellery, hairstyles and clothing, not to forget the surroundings and cultural elements most important to each tribe, like horses for Gauchos. According to Nelson, his mission was to assure that the world never forgets how things used to be: “Most importantly, I wanted to create an ambitious aesthetic photographic document that would stand the test of time. A body of work that would be an irreplaceable ethnographic record of a fast disappearing world.”

All of his snapshots now lie in a massive book and will be extended by a film (you can see a short introduction video below). So embark on a journey to the most remote corners and meet the witnesses of a disappearing world. Would you give up your smartphone, internet and TV to live free like them?

Source: beforethey.com Book: Amazon.com

Kazakh, Mongolia

Himba, Namibia

Huli, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea

Asaro, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea

Kalam, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea

Goroka, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea

Chukchi, Russia

Maori, New Zealand

Gauchos, Argentina

Tsaatan, Mongolia

Samburu, Kenya

Rabari, India

Mursi, Ethiopia

Ladakhi, India

Vanuatu, Vanuatu Islands

Drokpa, India

Dassanech, Ethiopia

Karo, Ethiopia

Banna, Ethiopia

Dani, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea

Maasai, Tanzania

Nenets, Russia

First Indian Warrior to receive the Victoria Cross in France, World War I

Victoria Crosshttp://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/507594_qqIE4D94.jpg.img_.jpg

The Victoria Cross is Britain’s highest military award for conspicuous battlefield gallantry.November 23, 1914, Battle of Festubert, France.Undeterred by bullets and grenades ripping the night sky, twice wounded in the head and once in the arm, the Indian army Naik (Corporal) steadily moved forward with tactical perfection as part of the first trench raid of World War II. As written in Philip Mason’s authoritative A Matter of Honour, the blood drenched Naik single-handedly bayoneted five Germans and survived to become the first Indian warrior to receive the Victoria Cross on French soil.

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The Germans died for their fatherland in a cold, hostile land at the hands of a diminutive fighter from a faraway land.The Hindu Kshatriya hereditary warrior followed the dharma of his caste.

He was from the northeast Indian region of Garwhal, whose clans are as renowned for their battlefield ferocity as for being law-abiding.

Naik Darwan Singh Negi of the 1st Battalion of 39th Garhwal Rifles served with honor and conspicuous gallantry..
While receiving the Victoria Cross on December 5, 1914, he was asked if he wished for something.
He asked for a school in his district, Chamoli.
The request was granted.
Negi served until 1924, obtaining the rank of Subedar (Warrant Officer), when he took premature retirement, devoting his time to uplift his underdeveloped district in a backward region. He helped war widows, opened a school in his village and got the authorities to provide road and rail links to his village.
On 24 June 1950, he died peacefully of natural causes, in Kafarteer Village, Uttar Pradesh, India.

What the Fall of the Wall Did Not Change

What the Fall of the Wall Did Not Change is republished with permission of Stratfor.”

Lest We Forget

It is worth remembering today that 3.5 million Indo-Pakistani soldiers fought for Western democracy, gaining 38 Victoria and George crosses.

That’s one warrior’s life paying the fare for approximately two South Asian immigrants enjoying democracy in the UK!

The Victoria Cross is the British Army’s highest decoration for conspicuous battlefield gallantry. Its first South Asian recipient was Sepoy Khudadad Khan – Belgium, World War I.

Subadar Khudadad Khan (1888–1971), VC, 10th Baluch Regiment

http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/subadar-khudadad-khan-18881971-vc-10th-baluch-regiment-182544

Subadar Khudadad Khan (1888–1971), VC, 10th Baluch Regiment

by Henry Charles Bevan-Petman

Khudadad Khan was the first Indian soldier to win the Victoria Cross after eligibility for the award was extended to Indian officers and men of the Indian Army in 1911. In common with half of the men in his regiment, the 129th Duke of Connaught’s Own Baluchis, Khudadad Khan was a Pathan from north-west India (now Pakistan).

As part of 7th Indian (Ferozepore) Brigade, the 129th Baluchis arrived in France from Egypt during September 1914. While serving in the regiment’s machine-gun detachment on 31 October 1914, ‘at Hollebecke, Belgium, the British officer in charge of the detachment having been wounded, and the other gun put out of action by a shell, Sepoy Khudadad, though himself wounded, remained working his gun until all the other five men of the gun detachment had been killed’ (‘The London Gazette’, 7 December 1914). Khudadad was decorated with the award by George V in January 1915.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/subadar-khudadad-khan-18881971-vc-10th-baluch-regiment-182544

Who killed Bin Laden ?

May 2, 2011, 01H00 PKT 15H30 EST — Bilal Town, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

http://www.indyweek.com/imager/navy-seal-team-6-in-zero-dark-thirty/b/original/3239081/13d1/7FP7956-4.jpg

Version 1.

The two trained and experienced US Special Forces DEVGRU commandos, better known as SEAL Team 6, crept up the stairs in the glow from their Night Vision goggles. Reconnaissance had been perfect, and it was known that not one of the four men had night vision goggles.

A head peeped around a doorway.

The point man blocked his respiration and squeezed the trigger of his suppressed H&K 416 assault rifle.

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Two others pumped in several more rounds into the body.

Version 2.

The point man missed.

The number two dove and rolled, came up facing Bin Laden pushing a woman in front of him, and put rounds into the target.

In both versions, Ben Laden apparently died without a fight or a whisper.

During his lifetime he overawed the world and hurled defiance at the most powerful superpower in history. The Superpower’s commandos mythicized by Hollywood and on Television had to be provided with an address and adequate transport before they could live upto the legends spun around them.

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 So it was a three-part operation: hunt and locate, transport successfully and then execute the Presidential Executive Order.

Without the success of the first two parts of the operation, the final part would have remained a theoretical exercise buoyed by hope. The CIA found the address and the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment ensured stealthy arrival above the target.

Then the commandos did their job.

Professionals under contract, they flit silently in the shadows of strategic mechanisms, their lives depending on silence and invisibility. And they put their lives on the line with faith that their superiors and the nation they serve and protect will look after them.

A priori, a fair bargain but one which the current public squabble of who killed Mr. Bin Laden has brought under scrutiny.

In a contractual relationship, however, if one of the parties feels that the other has breached the legal or moral contract, it may seek redress of grievances by chosen, legal means. America’s silent warriors who feel they have been let down by their superiors have recourse to justice through the legal system.

          http://www.justice.gov/archive/ag/annualreports/summary2000/usdojseal.jpg.

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By going public, the current spat between two former DEVGRU operators has reduced their latest known accomplishment to tabloid feed.

Since two wrongs don’t make a right, and revealing who killed Bin Laden breaches national security, challenging that claim in public reduces legend to farce.

A lose-lose situation for all concerned parties.

Before America’s vaunted Seals become an international laughing stock, the US government should take strong and immediate measures to ensure that compensation for their warriors’ services is institutional, immediate, publicized and well beyond mere semantics. At the same time, a special in-camera court needs to be constituted to hear and redress grievances of Special Forces operators.

Another Presidential Executive Order in addition to the one that sent these men to retrieve their nation’s prestige could satisfactorily solve the matter, were the Administration to find it as expedient as the one that launched Operation Neptune Spear.

John Schlorholtz, Harvard Wellness Centre, is probably the most efficient and effective Yoga teacher in the West. http://www.agelessyoga.org/

click here to visit amazon.com listings for dvd's

A principal yoga instructor at the Harvard University Center for Wellness for almost 20 years, John Schlorholtz offers a number of innovative, flowing yoga routines that are safe as exercise for all ages and shapes, including seniors and people with injuries, illnesses, or disabilities.

Ageless Yoga DVDs provide thorough work-outs that are gentle and gently challenging – and include chair yoga routines.

With rhythmic movement and breathing John makes yoga a new and enjoyable experience for both the beginning and seasoned practitioner. He integrates stories, humor, and a gentle spirit, along with thoughtful and profoundly simple techniques, to make yoga light-hearted, accessible, deep, and even fun.

“… great for people young and old, stiff and flexible, and those with medical conditions, including arthritis.”
~Keli Ballinger, Harvard Wellness Center

Pakistan Christian community living in fear after mob killings: BBC http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29956115

Pakistan Christian community living in fear after mob killings

Shahzeb Jillani visits the village where the Christian couple were lynched

Related Stories

The fertile landscape in Chak 59 of Kasur district in the Punjab province is dotted with hundreds of brick kilns.

The factories, owned by powerful landlords, are notorious for thriving on “bonded labour”. Hundreds of thousands of people have remained locked in a cycle of debt and poverty for decades.

Rights groups call it a form of modern-day slavery.

Until last week, Sajjad Mesih and his wife Shama, a married Christian couple in their 30s, worked at one such brick kiln.

For years, they got up at dawn, laboured in harsh conditions through the day and finished up at dusk. That was their routine – every day, seven days a week. It was a life of debt and poverty that they hated.

On Tuesday, they were lynched and burnt to death there by a mob on allegations of blasphemy.

Flowers at the site of the couple's lynching in Pakistan, November 2014Flowers are left at the site of the couple’s lynching

Blasphemy is an explosive issue in Pakistan. Reporting of violence in the name of blasphemy is often self-censored, twisted and confused by misreporting.

Piecing together the sequence of events and what led to vicious crimes on the pretext of blasphemy is not always straightforward.

But having visited the remote rural area and after speaking to up to a dozen or so people – including police, family, neighbours and eyewitnesses – here is an account of what the BBC has been able to put together.

Running for their lives

It all appears to have started about a week ago when the couple first heard about someone claiming to have discovered burnt pages of the Koran near their mud brick house.

Some extremist villagers were said to be furious and planning to take some kind of an action against the family.

Undated family handout photo showing a Christian couple who were killed by a Muslim mob in Pakistan in November  2014Shama (L) was pregnant with her fifth child when the couple were attacked and killed

Shama’s sister Yasmeen knew more about the whispering campaign. Having converted to Islam along with her husband and children four years ago, she had good links inside the Muslim community.

It was through Yasmeen that the couple was sent an ultimatum by angry villagers, says Shahbaz Masih, a close relative of the couple.

“Start Quote

It could happen to anybody. Everyone here feels fearful”

Suleman MasihA brick kiln worker

They were told to convert to Islam to repent against their alleged sin or face the consequences for committing blasphemy.

Shama and her husband Sajjad knew then that their lives were in serious danger.

They had no intention of converting under duress. The only thing to do was to run for their lives.

On Monday, the couple informed the factory bosses that they feared for their lives and desperately needed to leave.

“Not without settling the debt you owe us,” the couple was told by furious owners.

They were then locked up in a room, in case they tried to escape without clearing their dues.

There are suggestions that the amount of loan money they owed was $600 (£380); others say it was about $1,500 (£948).

Pakistan's Christian community protests over the killing of the couple in Islamabad on 5 November 2014Members of Pakistan’s Christian community have staged protests demanding justice for the couple’s murder

The next morning, before dawn, a group of extremist villagers went around the area to call on members of the public “to come out for the defence of their great religion”.

Clerics from local mosques used loud speakers to incite violence. Soon, hundreds of angry people converged on the brick kiln looking for the Christian couple.

“They had blood in their eyes,” says a young Christian man who watched the lynching from a safe distance. “I was scared. No one could do anything to stop them.”

A few policemen from the nearby check post soon arrived and tried to intervene. But they were outnumbered and beaten up by the mob and told to stay out of it.

The crowd then dragged the pair out of the room, where they were held by the factory owner. They were attacked with bricks and shovels and later laid on the brick oven to be burnt alive.

Three lives lost

At the time of the murder Shama was expecting her fifth child, says her family.

Three lives were lost in the gruesome murders.

The Christian community in the area is horrified by the public lynching.

In the nearby Christian-majority town of Clarkabad, there is anger at the state’s failure to protect its vulnerable and at risk communities.

Suleman Masih, a brick kiln worker in Pakistan, November 2014Suleman Masih also works at the brick kilns and is in fear of Tuesday’s killings being repeated

“It could happen to anybody. Everyone here feels fearful,” says Suleman Masih, a brick kiln worker.

For its part, the government has appeared to move swiftly to try to reassure the beleaguered community. Scores have been arrested under the country’s tough anti-terror laws and the hunt is on for the remaining suspects.

But given the culture of impunity around violence against minorities, many here are not convinced.

“We want justice and until the culprits are held to account, Christians in Pakistan will not feel safe,” says pastor Azmat Nadeem of the Church of Pakistan.

Pakistan is a long way from changing or repealing its notorious blasphemy laws.

At best, the only thing the country’s vulnerable and at risk communities can really hope for now is that the authorities will treat this case seriously and possibly deter similar gruesome crimes from happening again.

The American Dream and the Living Nightmare

According to the US State Department’s 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, “Christians were a leading target of societal discrimination, abuse, and violence in some parts of the world.” As an instrument of diplomacy, the State Department’s  choice of “some” over ‘many’ or ‘most’ is hardly surprising. And rightly so. Were it not for diplomacy, the world would be an even more violent demonic playground.

As such, from the downgraded semantics employed by professional diplomats and their staff, it is possible to gauge the real extent and intensity of persecution suffered by Christian minorities outside of Western democracies and some Latin American countries. The oppression of Christian minorities barely flits on the periphery of media interest.

Mainly, there is a general belief that all minority Christians are rice bowl converts — the residue of 19th century western colonialism. For the United States to use its power and influence for good on the behalf of an oppressed Christian minority at the risk of compromising its political agenda is not an option. Letting this minority survive as best as it can, is. Just as with the non-Christian Kurds in Iraq during the end days of Saddam Hussein. Thus, the thought that these residual remnants of colonialism are merely the consequence of an economic impulse flagellates western guilt for its redemption, with the hope that mercantile policies can be better pursued from this moral high ground.

Somewhere down the line, this argument has further suffered by being force-fed into the Iraqi and Syrian situations. After all, before the US went into Iraq, and the Arab Spring blossomed for the strategic benefit of militant Islamic fundamentalists, eventually leading to the Syrian civil war, Christians in Iraq and Syria were said to be happy with their lot. As happy as they could be by murky suffrance. Their survival depended on a policy reminiscent of a “don’t see don’t tell” approach: conversions to Christianity were illegal, and to the best of my knowledge, even a capital offence. At the same time, the Syrian Orthodox church colluded with the state to persecute Christian evangelists of other denominations. The US State Department, meanwhile, blithely pursued its diplomacy as the ranks of persecuting-country immigrants in the American Dream swelled, and in proportion to their prosperity, were able to dictate where and when — if at all — Christmas Trees would be lit.

The foreign policy of the United States also appears to have inspired its immigration policy of generously opening its doors to immigrants from countries where Christians undergo direct discrimination.  While these immigrants are enabled to hold stock options in the American Dream, their Christian fellow citizens in their homelands only hold shares in a Living Nightmare — of fear and insecurity during their lucky periods when their homes and churches aren’t torched. Such a policy can safely be criticized as being absurdly disproportionate.

The underlying positive discrimination in the United States’ immigration policy leaves Christian minorities to languish in their predicament, since there is not a single country that has passed positive discrimination laws for the protection and uplift of a depressed Christian minority. Their expatriate dual citizens in the United States, however, may prosper under these laws if they care to.

Except in some individual cases, the United States has no policy to accommodate Christian minority applicants to the United States as refugees from persecution. Yet, in furtherance of its policy during the Cold War, escapees from Communist countries received a treatment almost on par with that accorded to economic immigrants from countries where Christian minorities are actively persecuted.

It is regrettable that this policy shows no signs of being revised in order to redress the unfavorable situation of Christian minorities.

The implicit policy of ignoring the plight of Christian minorities and seeking to assuage western guilt for colonialism has reached an impasse. In any case, carrying this burden is an exercise in the absurd. United Fruit’s dubious approach to Latin America and Hearst’s ‘Hully Gee it’s War!’ notwithstanding, the US never was a colonial power, even though it received the ‘white man’s burden’ from Kipling. This policy begs to be revised — nay, excised. As Alexis de Tocqueville said in Democracy in America (1835), “The greatness of America lies not in being more enlightened than any other nation, but rather in her ability to repair her faults … If America ceases to be good, America will cease to be great.”

Recognizing the suffering of Christian minorities without taking active measures to redress it has been a mistake. It can be repaired by extending a policy of positive discrimination or most favored status to Christian immigrants from countries in which they are a minority.

The South Asian Equalizer

Samuel Colt, the founder of Colt’s Manufacturing Company, died in 1862. Eleven years after his death, the M1873 .45 single action Army SAA Mod P revolver ensured his posterity. It was known as the Peacemaker, and the Equalizer that won the West, even though history records an unequal contest. Had Samuel Colt been an Indian, he would have been called Samir Kalloo and his Equalizer a katori bowl of mouth-watering, belch-inducing lamb trotters, or payas as rightfully known.

Kala Hotel in Yakki Gate, run by the famous Kala Pehelwan following his retirement from kushti wrestling was known to Lahore’s select foodies.

Kala Hotel had a long, narrow dining hall of bare, smooth cement. There were tables for four at each side, covered with tacked down plastic. The walls had pictures of the Holy Ka’aba, a few saints’ shrines, and bulging-eyed, bare-chested and mustachioed wrestlers from Kala Pehelwan’s family holding decorated gurze maces . Some of the pictures were draped with tinsel garlands. Punjabi music played to the kahrewa beat of dholak, mirdhang and k’tara /iktara.

At the entrance to the dining hall, facing the street, were the huge deg pots and para’at trays of lamb payas, siri-payas or lamb’s head and trotters, liver and kidney, heart-liver-lungs and superb free range chicken chargha!

The meat was personally selected by the pehelwan every day, and the cooking was also supervised by him. It was said that all the cooks and waiters remained in a state of pre-prayer ritual wash known as vuzoo —ensured by the Pehelwan. When they smiled, you could see the stain of the walnut bark dandasa with which they had cleaned their teeth. Their clothes looked fresh, and they smelled of soap. Discreet incense sticks were lit in the corners. Underneath every table was an empty kerosene oil tin. Every table had a notice: PATRONS ARE REQUESTED TO THROW THEIR BONES IN THE TINS BELOW THE TABLE AND NOT ON THE FLOOR.

The discriminating clientele ranged from lawyers acocuntants and police officers to haard-core gangsters and day labourers of all castes and religions living in Lahore.

The classless impact of payas could be felt to the bone.

Yet, there was a wide gap between the street and the household. For cooking payas took at least twelve hours, if not more. In some homes they were cooked regularly, in others, a takeaway dish. There was a choice of being dependent or independent at the high price of twelve hours labour!

Then in 1964, Sheikh Abdul Razzak, of Sialkote’s, Majestic  company took pity on the households which neither had an army of servants nor a surplus of women. The Majestic pressure cooker, by uniting the street and the home with a single, classless dish, took democratization a step further. Households could buy raw payas in the morning and pressure cook them for lunch in as much time as it took to prepare a simple meat and veg curry. If they wanted the traditional taste of slow cooking, they could always buy payas.

Choice, after all, is a component of liberty.

The democratizing effect of payas can be traced to the end of the 18th century. During the beginning of the Mughal empire’s decline, Urdu flourished and the aristocracy, after a night of poetry and dance spectacles, enjoyed paya / nihari in the early hours of the morning and then slept off their hangovers! Payas, throwaway hoofs which the poor retrieved to nourish themselves had, by dint of talented hard work, become a gourmet delicacy that made it to the tables of the aristocracy. In their consumption, sensory pleasure superseded class.

In Lahore of the seventies karigars from Old Lahore moved to establishments in the suburbs, or opened their own, further narrowing the gap between social class and availability.

The final democratization came through press freedom.

Competing TV stations broadcast programs in which mediagenic chefs brought their skills into living rooms from which the kitchen was only short, dedicated step away. And there it rests, except that although the elephant has gone through the gate, its tail is stuck.

Like meteorology, democratization being an ongoing and imprecise process in the developing world, the taste of payas slow cooked by a karigar or a dedicated home-maker remains unmatched as an Equalizer. A lesson for politicians tripping over each other in dedicated power-grabs.